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1 variation
variation [‚veərɪ'eɪʃən](a) (change, modification) variation f, modification f;∎ variations in temperature variations fpl ou changements mpl de température;∎ the level of demand is subject to considerable variation le niveau de la demande peut varier considérablement;∎ variation between two readings (using scientific instrument) écart m entre deux lectures∎ theme and variations thème m et variations fpl(c) (different version) variation f;∎ another variation on the same theme une autre variation sur le même thème;∎ the different legends are variations of the same basic story ces différentes légendes sont des variantes de la même histoire originelle►► Insurance variation of risk modification f de risque -
2 variation
variation [‚vεərɪˈeɪ∫ən]* * *[ˌveərɪ'eɪʃn]1) ( change) variation f, différence f (in, of de)2) ( version) version f (of de); ( new version) variante f (of de); Music variation f (on sur) -
3 variation
variation f;∎ the level of demand is subject to considerable variation le niveau de la demande peut varier considérablementINSURANCE variation of risk modification f de risque -
4 variation
1 ( change) variation f, différence f (in, of de) ; regional/seasonal variation variations régionales/saisonnières ; variation between A and B différence entre A et B ; subject to considerable/slight variation sujet à des variations importantes/à de légères variations ;2 ( version) version f (of de) ; ( new version) variante f (of de) ; what he said was just a variation on the same theme il n'a rien dit de nouveau ;3 Mus variation f (on sur). -
5 Weber, Wilhelm Eduard
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 24 October 1804 Wittenberg, Germanyd. 23 June 1891 Göttingen, Germany[br]German physicist, the founder of precise measurement of electrical quantities.[br]Weber began scientific experiments at an early age and entered the University of Halle, where he came under the influence of J.S.C.Schweigger, inventor of the galvanometer. Completing his education with a dissertation on the theory of organ pipes and making important contributions to the science of acoustics, he was awarded a lectureship and later an assistant professorship at Halle. Weber was offered the Chair of Physics at Göttingen in 1831 and jointly with Gauss began investigations into the precision measurement of magnetic quantities. In 1841 he invented the electrodynamometer type of electrical measuring instrument. This was a development of the galvanometer in which, instead of a needle, a small coil was suspended within an outer coil. A current flowing through both coils tended to turn the inner coil, the sine of the angle through which the suspending wires were twisted being proportional to the square of the strength of the current. A variation of the electrodynamometer was capable of measuring directly the power in electrical circuits.The introduction by Weber of a system of absolute units for the measurement of electrical quantities was a most important step in electrical science. He had a considerable influence on the British Association committees on electrical standards organized in 1861 to promote a coherent system of electrical units. Weber's ideas also led him to define elementary electric particles, ascribing mass and charge to them. His name was used for a time before 1883 as the unit of electric current, until the name "ampere" was proposed by Helmholtz. Since 1948 the term "weber" has been used for the SI unit of magnetic flux.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1850. Royal Society Copley Medal 1859.Bibliography1892–4, William Weber's Werke, 6 vols, Berlin.Further ReadingP.Lenard, 1954, Great Men of Science, London, pp. 263–70 (a reliable, short biography). C.C.Gillispie (ed.), 1976, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. XIV, New York, pp.203–9 (discusses his theoretical contributions).S.P.Bordeau, 1982, Volts to Herz, Minneapolis, pp. 172 and 181 (discusses Weber's influence on contemporary scientists).GW
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